Perovskite refers to a large family of materials with the crystalline structure ABX3, named after the Russian mineralogist Lev Perovski. The perovskite crystal has various applications including solar cells, light-emitting diodes, catalysts, sensors, piezoelectric materials, and even future quantum computer components. In the past 10 years, there have been breakthroughs most evident in the field of perovskite solar, with production-scale products already emerging. Compared to first generation (crystalline silicon) and second generation (CdTe, CIGS, and other thin films) photovoltaic technology, perovskites are considered the third-generation photovoltaic technology, demonstrating higher efficiency, lower cost and more diverse product applications.

Perovskites are synthetic materials with many alternative combinations, mainly including organic metal halide and inorganic iodide perovskites.
With different preparation processes and device architecture, perovskite solar cells can achieve different levels of transparency, which allows the battery to be used in a variety of transparent or translucent application scenarios.
Because perovskite materials have different band absorption capacities in the visible light spectrum, perovskite solar cells can be made in a variety of colors.
Perovskite solar cells can be made with flexible substrate materials during its preparation process, allowing the solar cell to have excellent bendability and flexibility. This feature enables perovskite solar cells to be widely used in a variety of curved surfaces and flexible scenarios.

The theoretical power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells is significantly higher than that of crystalline silicon solar cells. At present, the highest power conversion efficiency of single-junction perovskite solar cells has already surpassed other mainstream photovoltaic materials, with a maximum theoretical power conversion efficiency of 33%. The theoretical efficiency limit of perovskite tandem solar cells can reach 45%, which is substantially higher than the theoretical efficiency limit of crystalline silicon solar cells at 29.4%.
Perovskite cells also show excellent low light absorption properties and operational temperature characteristics, resulting in relatively electricity generation even under low light conditions, such as cloudy, rainy, or indoor scenarios.
Because the light absorption band gap of perovskite materials is tunable, and the absorption band gap of existing crystalline silicon materials is fixed, perovskites are a great choice for tandem solar cells, further improving conversion efficiency.

Perovskite solar cells can be used as an upgrade in all existing applications covered by traditional crystalline silicon solar cells, such as centralized and distributed power stations, residential solar systems, and a variety of portable solar equipment applications.
Perovskite solar cells can also be used for new and emerging solar applications unreachable by traditional solar materials, such as Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV), due to its unique advantages in adjustable color, transparency, and deposition onto different lightweight flexible substrates.
Perovskite solar cells can also be used in Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaics (VIPV); because of its excellent low light absorption characteristics, it is able to maintain stable power generation even in adverse weather conditions, making it an excellent photovoltaic material for vehicle rooftops. In addition, perovskite solar cells can be used in autonomous vehicles such as drones and autonomous planes.
Perovskite solar cells have also emerged as ideal energy solution for mobile devices such as smartphones, smart watches and tablets, enabling device recharging even in indoor lighting conditions.

Low material costs: the raw materials used to produce perovskites are abundantly available, easy to obtain, and have low purity requirements.
Short production cycle: Perovskite solar cells can be produced on a single assembly line in a single factory, taking only 45 minutes from glass, formulation, deposition, to encapsulation. In comparison, crystalline silicon solar cells are commonly divided into four production factories: silicon ingots, silicon wafers, silicon cells and silicon modules, taking a minimum of three days to complete a single module.
Low energy consumption: Throughout the entire production process of perovskite solar cells, the highest processing temperature doesn’t exceed 150℃, the process is short, and the overall energy consumption per watt of production is only about 0.23kWh. In contrast, the production process of crystalline silicon can exceed 1000℃, and the energy consumption per watt of production is more than 1kWh.